Overview
This lab will identify common commands used to gather information about nodes on a network. Students will execute these commands in both Windows and Linux environments to compare and contrast their commands and outputs.
outcomes:
In this lab, you will learn to:
- Display computer information using the CLI.
- Display IP information using the CLI.
- Display DNS information using the CLI.
- Display network connections using the CLI.
- Use commands to test network connectivity.
- Observe the ARP process using Wireshark.
Courses
Key terms and descriptions
Cat
a Linux utility that concatenates and lists files
Man Pages
Manual Page, a form of software documentation found on Linux machines used to provide help with concepts such as programs or command syntax
Domain Name System (DNS)
the protocol used to map hostnames and domain names into IP addresses on the Internet. DNS uses UDP port 53 for initiating requests.
Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)
the domain name that specifies the exact location of the specified node in the DNS hierarchy
Authoritative DNS Server
the master DNS server that hosts a specified domain
Nonauthoritative DNS Server
a secondary DNS server that responds to DNS queries using cached DNS information
Alias
a secondary name assigned to a host within DNS; allows an administrator to provide multiple names that the same host can respond to
in-addr.arpa
the reverse lookup zone used by IPv4 to map IP addresses to DNS names
Socket
the combination of an IP address and a TCP or UDP port number separated by a colon (ex. 192.168.12.10:53)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
a protocol within the TCP/IP suite that resides at the OSI Network Layer (Layer 3) used to send query or error messages to network nodes
Time to Live (TTL)
a mechanism to specify the lifetime of data on a network
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
a protocol within the TCP/IP suite that resides at the OSI Network Layer (Layer 3) used to resolve network layer addresses (IP addresses) into link layer addresses (MAC addresses)
Media Access Control (MAC) Address
the physical address burned into the ROM of an Ethernet network card; used by switches at the Data Link layer of the OSI model to move information between nodes on the same network
Wireshark
“is a network protocol analyzer. It lets you capture and interactively browse the traffic running on a computer network. It has a rich and powerful feature set and is world's most popular tool of its kind. It runs on most computing platforms including Windows, OS X, Linux, and UNIX. Network professionals, security experts, developers, and educators around the world use it regularly. It is freely available as open source, and is released under the GNU General Public License version 2.” Reference: http://www.wireshark.org